{"id":3098,"date":"2017-03-10T09:21:25","date_gmt":"2017-03-10T14:21:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/blogs.library.mcgill.ca\/osler-library\/?p=3098"},"modified":"2017-03-10T09:21:25","modified_gmt":"2017-03-10T14:21:25","slug":"a-la-decouverte-du-bresil-avec-lhistoria-naturalis-brasiliae","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/blogs.library.mcgill.ca\/osler-library\/a-la-decouverte-du-bresil-avec-lhistoria-naturalis-brasiliae\/","title":{"rendered":"A la d\u00e9couverte du Br\u00e9sil avec l\u2019Historia naturalis Brasiliae"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Au 17<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, le Br\u00e9sil est une terre portugaise depuis sa d\u00e9couverte en 1500 par le navigateur Pedro \u00c1lvares Cabral. Toutefois, une enclave hollandaise existe entre 1624 et 1654 au nord-est du Br\u00e9sil. C\u2019est dans ce contexte que deux hollandais, le m\u00e9decin Willem Piso et l\u2019astronome Georg Marggrav, accompagnent en 1638 le prince de Nassau dans son voyage au Br\u00e9sil. C\u2019est l\u2019occasion pour les deux savants d\u2019explorer le territoire et d\u2019en r\u00e9pertorier la faune et la flore.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_3104\" style=\"width: 190px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.library.mcgill.ca\/osler-library\/files\/2017\/03\/20170214_135520.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3104\" class=\"wp-image-3104 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.library.mcgill.ca\/osler-library\/files\/2017\/03\/20170214_135520-180x300.jpg\" width=\"180\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.library.mcgill.ca\/osler-library\/files\/2017\/03\/20170214_135520-180x300.jpg 180w, https:\/\/blogs.library.mcgill.ca\/osler-library\/files\/2017\/03\/20170214_135520-768x1280.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.library.mcgill.ca\/osler-library\/files\/2017\/03\/20170214_135520-614x1024.jpg 614w, https:\/\/blogs.library.mcgill.ca\/osler-library\/files\/2017\/03\/20170214_135520.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 180px) 100vw, 180px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-3104\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Titre-frontispice<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Leurs d\u00e9couvertes sont rassembl\u00e9es en 1648 par le g\u00e9ographe Johannes De Laet dans un livre intitul\u00e9 <em>Historia naturalis Brasiliae<\/em>. Cet ouvrage est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme le premier trait\u00e9 scientifique sur le Br\u00e9sil. La biblioth\u00e8que Osler poss\u00e8de un exemplaire de l\u2019\u00e9dition originale (Osler room &#8211; folio\u00a0P678h 1648), imprim\u00e9e \u00e0 Leyde, par la c\u00e9l\u00e8bre maison Elzevier. Le titre-frontispice est particuli\u00e8rement travaill\u00e9\u00a0: il s\u2019agit d\u2019une gravure color\u00e9e \u00e0 la main, qui semble \u00e9voquer le Br\u00e9sil comme un nouveau Paradis. On y voit deux indig\u00e8nes, dans une v\u00e9g\u00e9tation luxuriante, entour\u00e9s de nombreux animaux (perroquets, singes, fourmiliers, serpents, poissons, crabes, tortues, paresseux\u2026).<\/p>\n<p>Le livre se compose de deux parties\u00a0: le <em>De medicina Brasiliensi<\/em> \u00e9crit par Willem Piso, et <em>l\u2019Historia rerum naturalium Brasiliae<\/em> de Georg Marggrav. L\u2019ensemble, organis\u00e9 et compl\u00e9t\u00e9 par Johannes De Laet, \u00a0est richement illustr\u00e9 par plus de quatre cents gravures sur bois.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_3105\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.library.mcgill.ca\/osler-library\/files\/2017\/03\/20170213_151029.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3105\" class=\"wp-image-3105 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.library.mcgill.ca\/osler-library\/files\/2017\/03\/20170213_151029-300x180.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"180\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.library.mcgill.ca\/osler-library\/files\/2017\/03\/20170213_151029-300x180.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.library.mcgill.ca\/osler-library\/files\/2017\/03\/20170213_151029-768x461.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.library.mcgill.ca\/osler-library\/files\/2017\/03\/20170213_151029-1024x614.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.library.mcgill.ca\/osler-library\/files\/2017\/03\/20170213_151029-500x300.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-3105\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Un moulin \u00e0 sucre<\/p><\/div>\n<p><em>Dans son De medicina Brasiliensi<\/em>, Willem Piso recense les\u00a0maladies et\u00a0les venins qui existent au Br\u00e9sil, ainsi que leurs rem\u00e8des locaux. Il y d\u00e9crit \u00e9galement les vertus th\u00e9rapeutiques des plantes (<em>De facultatibus simplicium<\/em>). On trouve d\u2019ailleurs une explication tr\u00e8s int\u00e9ressante de la fabrication du sucre de canne (<em>De saccharo<\/em>).<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_3109\" style=\"width: 190px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.library.mcgill.ca\/osler-library\/files\/2017\/03\/20170213_154755.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3109\" class=\"wp-image-3109 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.library.mcgill.ca\/osler-library\/files\/2017\/03\/20170213_154755-180x300.jpg\" width=\"180\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.library.mcgill.ca\/osler-library\/files\/2017\/03\/20170213_154755-180x300.jpg 180w, https:\/\/blogs.library.mcgill.ca\/osler-library\/files\/2017\/03\/20170213_154755-768x1280.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.library.mcgill.ca\/osler-library\/files\/2017\/03\/20170213_154755-614x1024.jpg 614w, https:\/\/blogs.library.mcgill.ca\/osler-library\/files\/2017\/03\/20170213_154755.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 180px) 100vw, 180px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-3109\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Homme en habit traditionnel<\/p><\/div>\n<p><em>La seconde partie, l\u2019Historia rerum naturalium Brasiliae<\/em>, r\u00e9dig\u00e9e par Georg Marggrav, recense les plantes, les poissons, les animaux et les insectes du Br\u00e9sil. Une rapide description du pays et de ses habitants est \u00e9galement incluse\u00a0:\u00a0Marggrav y \u00e9voque les coutumes des indig\u00e8nes du Br\u00e9sil (v\u00eatements, religion, nourriture\u2026 et m\u00eame la langue avec un bref lexique incorpor\u00e9 dans le texte).<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_3108\" style=\"width: 190px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.library.mcgill.ca\/osler-library\/files\/2017\/03\/20170213_153357.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3108\" class=\"wp-image-3108 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.library.mcgill.ca\/osler-library\/files\/2017\/03\/20170213_153357-180x300.jpg\" width=\"180\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.library.mcgill.ca\/osler-library\/files\/2017\/03\/20170213_153357-180x300.jpg 180w, https:\/\/blogs.library.mcgill.ca\/osler-library\/files\/2017\/03\/20170213_153357-768x1280.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.library.mcgill.ca\/osler-library\/files\/2017\/03\/20170213_153357-614x1024.jpg 614w, https:\/\/blogs.library.mcgill.ca\/osler-library\/files\/2017\/03\/20170213_153357.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 180px) 100vw, 180px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-3108\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Une esp\u00e8ce de fruit de la passion<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_3110\" style=\"width: 310px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.library.mcgill.ca\/osler-library\/files\/2017\/03\/20170213_154450.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3110\" class=\"wp-image-3110 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/blogs.library.mcgill.ca\/osler-library\/files\/2017\/03\/20170213_154450-300x180.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"180\" srcset=\"https:\/\/blogs.library.mcgill.ca\/osler-library\/files\/2017\/03\/20170213_154450-300x180.jpg 300w, https:\/\/blogs.library.mcgill.ca\/osler-library\/files\/2017\/03\/20170213_154450-768x461.jpg 768w, https:\/\/blogs.library.mcgill.ca\/osler-library\/files\/2017\/03\/20170213_154450-1024x614.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/blogs.library.mcgill.ca\/osler-library\/files\/2017\/03\/20170213_154450-500x300.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-3110\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Un fourmilier<\/p><\/div>\n<p>L\u2019<em>Historia naturalis Brasiliae <\/em>a fait conna\u00eetre en Europe de nouvelles plantes m\u00e9dicinales (comme l\u2019ipecacuanha, utilis\u00e9e notamment pour traiter la dysenterie). Il est devenu un ouvrage de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence pour les naturalistes europ\u00e9ens tout au long des 17<sup>e<\/sup> et 18<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cles: son influence est notamment perceptible dans les travaux de Buffon et de Linn\u00e9. C\u2019est un riche t\u00e9moignage des tentatives de description et de compr\u00e9hension de la nature au 17<sup>e<\/sup> si\u00e8cle.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><u>Bibliographie:<\/u><\/p>\n<p>Brienen R. P., <em>Visions of Savage Paradise: Albert Eckhout, Court Painter in Colonial Dutch Brazil<\/em>, Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Press, 2006.<\/p>\n<p>Charlot C, Guibert M.-S., \u201cPetite histoire de la Racine Br\u00e9silienne en France au 17<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> si\u00e8cle\u201d, 38<sup>e<\/sup> Congr\u00e8s international d\u2019histoire de la Pharmacie, S\u00e9ville, 19-22 septembre 2007, <a href=\"https:\/\/idus.us.es\/xmlui\/bitstream\/handle\/11441\/39967\/174.pdf?sequence=1\">disponible en ligne<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Galloway J. H., \u201cTradition and innovation in the American sugar Industry, c. 1500- 1800: an explanation\u201d, <em>Annals of the Association of American geographers<\/em>, 75, 3, 1985.<\/p>\n<p>Medeiros M. F. T., Albuquerque U. P., \u201cAbstract food flora in 17th century northeast region of Brazil in <em>Historia Naturalis Brasiliae<\/em>\u201d, <em>Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine<\/em>, 10, 50, 2014.<\/p>\n<p>Safier N., \u201cBeyond Brazilian nature: the editorial itineraries of Marcgraf and Piso\u2019s <em>Historia Naturalis Brasiliae<\/em>\u201d, dans Van Groesen M. (ed.), <em>The Legacy of Dutch Brazil<\/em>, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2014.<\/p>\n<p>Walker T. D., \u201cThe medicines trade in the Portuguese Atlantic world: acquisition and dissemination of healing knowledge from Brazil (<em>c<\/em>. 1580\u20131800)\u201d, <em>Social history of medicine<\/em>, 26, 3, 2013.<\/p>\n<p>Whitehead P. J. P., Boeseman M., <em>A portrait of Dutch 17th century Brazil : animals, plants, and people by the artists of Johan Maurits of Nassau<\/em>, Amsterdam \u2013 Oxford &#8211; New-York, North-Holland Publishing Company, 1989.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Au 17e si\u00e8cle, le Br\u00e9sil est une terre portugaise depuis sa d\u00e9couverte en 1500 par le navigateur Pedro \u00c1lvares Cabral. Toutefois, une enclave hollandaise existe entre 1624 et 1654 au nord-est du Br\u00e9sil. C\u2019est dans ce contexte que deux hollandais, &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.library.mcgill.ca\/osler-library\/a-la-decouverte-du-bresil-avec-lhistoria-naturalis-brasiliae\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":944,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,21,39],"tags":[299,133,301,298,289,300,218,293,234,134],"class_list":["post-3098","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-books","category-letsfindout","category-osleriana","tag-17e-siecle","tag-17th-century","tag-brazil","tag-bresil","tag-histoire-de-la-medecine","tag-histoire-naturelle","tag-history-of-medicine","tag-livres-rares","tag-natural-history","tag-rare-books"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.library.mcgill.ca\/osler-library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3098","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.library.mcgill.ca\/osler-library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.library.mcgill.ca\/osler-library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.library.mcgill.ca\/osler-library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/944"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.library.mcgill.ca\/osler-library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3098"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.library.mcgill.ca\/osler-library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3098\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3127,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.library.mcgill.ca\/osler-library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3098\/revisions\/3127"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/blogs.library.mcgill.ca\/osler-library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3098"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.library.mcgill.ca\/osler-library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3098"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/blogs.library.mcgill.ca\/osler-library\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3098"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}