How I Joined the War on Cars and Decided to Stick It to Big Oil

“Once an industry gets disrupted, it can disappear in a moment” – Markham Hislop

There is so much work going on on our campuses related to sustainability and climate change research these days and our university is being recognized for all these important projects. For example, in the June 25 What’s New, McGill was lauded as Canada’s top university in the QS World University Rankings. Of all the things that make McGill world famous, did you know our highest score was in sustainability? Though much of the work is being driven by our award-winning McGill Office of Sustainability, they are not the only game in town!

One of the most exciting things currently happening on campus is the number of free sustainability and climate-related events, open to the general public. I am grateful for having attended two such events in the past couple of months, organized by two different units on the downtown campus. As the liaison librarian for the Trottier Institute for Sustainability in Engineering and Design (TISED), several engineering departments and Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, I get to learn about sustainability in order to better support the research needs of students and faculty in these departments. Both events were fantastic at making the science of sustainability and the transition to healthier and zero-emission energy sources (called the energy transition) understandable to ordinary people.

Sometimes the hard part about climate change and sustainability is how dreadful it can all seem, and yet what’s so exciting is that solutions are all around us. Both events succeeded in instilling that hope in their audiences. The first event was the Transportation Research Roundtable, a day-long symposium organized by the Sustainable Growth Initiative, a cross-faculty partnership anchored in McGill’s Faculty of Management and “dedicated to building practical, constructive, and applied solutions for key issues challenging sustainable growth.” To be notified about their future events, you can subscribe to their mailing list. Sponsored by Alstom and organized by professors in McGill’s Department of Geography and École Polytechnique’s Department of Civil Engineering, the event brings together students, faculty, members of the public, municipal workers, industry and others to discuss all things transport and sustainability. This was the third annual roundtable and it didn’t disappoint.

I was so excited to hear the keynote by Sarah Goodyear and Doug Gordon, authors of the 2025 book “Life After Cars: Freeing Ourselves from the Tyranny of the Automobile” (available at McGill Libraries) and creators of the podcast the War on Cars. As a huge fan of their book, I was thrilled to hear them discuss the book’s main thesis: our reliance on cars causes air pollution and other negative health impacts, makes us lonely, limits childrens’ autonomy and results in many other social and planetary ills. There were detailed questions from the audience on if progressive policies are contagious (yes, they are), what differences there might be implementing non-car alternatives in rural versus city settings (for rural places, consider re-investing in historic city centres) and what the authors thought about Montreal’s famous alleyways (they were jealous but emphasized that our alleyways shouldn’t be an excuse not to invest in bike lane infrastructure). The authors gave practical examples of cities embracing active mobility and limiting cars such as the Beltline in Atlanta, the Bike Bus movement – where groups of citizens organize bringing kids and families to school by bike along a designated route, road pricing in Norway, the spread of Citi Bikes in New York city and, of course, our own Bixi system here at home. You can read about the day and watch the full keynote at: https://www.mcgill.ca/desautels/article/sustainable-growth-initiative-sgi/war-cars-sgis-3rd-annual-transportation-roundtable  

Image: Taken by Tara Mawhinney

The second sustainability-related event Disruptive Innovation, the Energy Transition, and Canada, hosted by the Trottier Institute for Sustainability in Engineering and Design was a fantastic primer by energy expert and journalist Markham Hislop on the energy transition landscape in Canada. Essentially, fossil fuels are old technology and bound to go the way that the use of horses and mules did in agriculture once tractors were invented. His main point was that Canada is getting left behind by focussing on polluting old technologies like fossil fuel extraction and pipelines instead of investing in new, green technologies. He showed a graph of the decline of horses and mules on US farms between 1900 and 1950 , which illustrated just how quickly new technology can displace older ones. We know what side of history we want to be on and it’s not the one going the way of the dinosaur. Hislop’s superpower is what is interestingly called “vulgarisation” in French and for which English doesn’t have a great equivalent. What might be called being a ‘popularizer’ or a little dryly: scientific communication for the layperson.

I love those moments in the classroom when you can actually see students absorbing new information. As an information literacy instructor, I could see several instances of that throughout Hislop’s talk. There were so many questions from the audience that you could tell everyone wished the question period could be longer. The talk ended on an inspiring note when a young female undergraduate engineering student asked Hislop for tips for young engineers graduating today. He responded that we are at a point where it is not about the cost of new green technology anymore as it’s become much more affordable. Rather, we are at the point where we need to figure out how to use the technology to solve real world problems. He commented, “Maybe our secret weapon [in Canada where we have a strong innovation ecosystem and research supports] is to take the technology and figure out how to do things better [and in a way that’s] better suited to our needs.”

You can watch the whole talk here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XxfS0dSosWw , follow Hislop on his Thoughtful Journalism blog and subscribe to the TISED newsletter to keep up to date about upcoming McGill talks. With so much state of the art sustainability research happening at McGill, I hope these talks inspire you to keep learning more on this topic. The future depends on it.

TISED Sustainability Changemakers Showcase Happening Tomorrow!

Want to learn about all the exciting research that McGill students in engineering are doing on sustainability topics? Tomorrow, attend the Sustainability Changemakers Showcase, an event at the Faculty Club highlighting graduate student research on sustainability. It is being hosted by TISED, the Trottier Institute for Sustainability in Engineering and Design, where researchers and students are working to become a hub of green innovation and a centre of excellence both locally in Montréal, Québec and worldwide. The event is open to the public. To register and learn more about the speakers, please consult the registration page . To get a sneak preview of the speakers in action, you can check out brief talks they gave on their research last December.

If you’re interested in joining these researchers in designing the green solutions to engineering problems that our world needs, TISED is now accepting admissions to their new masters in Sustainability in Engineering and Design program. The deadline for fall has been extended until Apr. 1 for US candidates and June 21 for Canadian ones.

Attend tomorrow’s talks and learn all about what TISED graduate student work looks like in action!

SciFree – New McGill Libraries’ search tool for locating APC waivers and discounts

As you may have seen recently in McGill’s What’s New, McGill Libraries has launched a new search tool called SciFree that can help you efficiently find which journals offer waivers and discounts to McGill researchers on Article Processing Charges (APCs) for publishing open access. You’ll find information about the tool and can search it here: Announcing SciFree . Unlike the information that the McGill Libraries was previously providing on the webpage on Article Processing Charge Support that only supplied details on APCs at the publisher level (table at the bottom of the page), the new search tool simplifies the process of finding journals that offer waivers and discounts. This new tool can help you make informed decisions about what journals will allow you to publish open-access in as cost-effective a manner as possible. Simply search the journal name in SciFree to determine if there are waivers or discounts available to you. If you have any questions, please feel free to contact schulich.library@mcgill.ca and we will be happy to help!

SciFree

Citation politics

We may want to believe that citation practices in STEM are unbiased, but the evidence out there says otherwise. It speaks to the politics and privilege that have pervaded peer review and the published literature.

Here is just a handful of recent examples:

What can we do?

There are a few things that we can do in our citation practices to make a difference. First, if we recognize that citations are power, then we can exercise that power in our own reference lists. When we write articles or otherwise disseminate our research outputs, we can choose to break away from citing the usual suspects and cite responsibly. One easy to remember rule of thumb is the Gray test. Our works pass the Gray test if they cite and discuss the scholarship of at least two women and two non-white people. We can also consider including citation diversity statements.

Second, we can be representative in the works that we recommend to others. For example, here is a Gender Balance Assessment Tool that is available to check that our reading lists are not mostly works written by male authors.

Third, when we find ourselves in a position to judge the work of others we can let go of our reliance on citation metrics. We can commit to evaluating works on their scientific merit and consider alternative metrics not based on citation counts.

Of course, we can also talk about citation politics with our colleagues. There is lots to think about and discuss!

Find more citation politics resources and readings, along with sources for alternative metrics on the Impact Measurements guide.

These student papers are the best

Excellence in

Written Communication

I am delighted to present to you three of our Communication in Engineering, Excellence in Written Communication Award winners! These are the best student papers from past terms of CCOM 206. They have been added to eScholarship@McGill and they are well worth a read.

Nathan Robbins – Performance of Nose Cone Geometries on Sounding Rockets

Read the full paper on eScholarship

This investigation compares the performances of several nose cone geometries and their suitability for flight on a high-altitude sounding rocket. Many geometries have been proposed to mitigate the extreme aerodynamic forces and phenomena encountered during such high energy ascents. The geometries in question include the conic section, Haack Series nose cone, and the aerospike nose cone; all of which are evaluated according to their coefficients of drag, heating characteristics, and several outstanding factors such as wall shear stress, pressure distributions, and useful internal volume. The investigation concludes that the aerospike nose cone is well suited for high-altitude sounding rockets because of its capacity to reduce drag, its exceptional ability to reduce heating, and its larger useful internal volume. Through this unique combination of performance and volume, the aerospike nose cone is a likely candidate for the forebody of high-altitude sounding rockets for future missions.

Katia Rosenflanz – Biodiesel Production: Advancing Lipid Extraction to Fuel our Future

Read the full paper on eScholarship

The use of diesel and fossil fuels to power the globe’s increasing energy demands have caused large amounts of greenhouse gas emissions, negatively impacting the environment. This has led researchers to investigate alternative energy sources. Biodiesel, a renewable, biodegradable, and environmentally-friendly resource, shows promise; microalgae, which consume large amounts of carbon dioxide, one of the most harmful greenhouse gases, has been introduced as a potential supply for the necessary oils. Because of algal cells’ strength and chemical properties, however, the physical extraction of lipids is difficult. This paper compares three methods to improve lipid extraction: microwave radiation, osmotic shock, and bead beating. They are assessed based on dry weight lipid output, efficiency, and scalability. Based on research, bead beating has high energy consumption and relatively low lipid production; thus, it is unadvisable for mass production. Osmotic shock has high output and no energy consumption, but is fairly inefficient due to a large time requirement. Microwave radiation performs fairly well in terms of lipid output, efficiency, and scalability, making it the most viable option, but microalgal biodiesel is only now entering the picture as an alternative energy source. Further research and resources must be invested in order to introduce these techniques into the global energy market.

Allan Reuben – Nanomagnetic Logic Circuits as an Alternative to Silicon CMOS-based Circuits for use in Extreme Environments

Read the full paper in eScholarship

As hardware and software technology improves, sending robots to do research in extreme environments is increasingly frequent. This shift creates a need for computer chips optimally designed for those environments. Computers that operate in extreme environments must account for limitations and requirements not present in consumer or corporate uses such as: extreme power management, high radiation exposure, and high computation reliability. Silicon-based computers have become the accepted standard in computing for every environment due to their high speed and ease of manufacturing. Nanomagnetic logic circuits are a promising new technology that may help engineers optimize computers for use in extreme environments. These two systems are compared based on their durability from radiation, power utilization, and clock speed. For mission-critical computer operation in extreme environments, nanomagnetic logic circuits offer many advantages over traditional silicon-based computers.

Plant regrowth after 1,600 years

Spring is here and my parents have started planning their garden by growing tomato seeds indoors.  In about a month’s time, these seeds will have grown into small plants that will be transplanted to the earth outside when the weather is warmer.  There was an interesting article published in the March 17th issue of Current Biology that discusses how scientists were able to regrow a moss plant that had been frozen for 1,600 years.  They just let it thaw and watered it.  According to the authors, it is the first study to report the revival of a frozen plant or animal after such a long period of time.

McGill Engineering Research Showcase (MERS)

The Faculty of Engineering’s Research and Graduate Education Office will host the first annual McGill Engineering Research Showcase (MERS) on Friday, October 18th, from 3pm to 6pm, in the McConnell Engineering Building lobby. This time MEDA scholars (3rd year plus only), Tri-Council or provincial Masters Award recipients (2nd year only), and Mitacs Masters students (2nd year only) are called to present research posters during the event.

Come, see and learn more about research across all engineering disciplines!!!!!!!!!

SURE and SURE Poster Presentation Fair

McGill Engineering Faculty has a special program, called Summer Undergraduate Research in Engineering, which pairs registered students with McGill scientists and researchers. The admitted students will have a chance to work on a research project under a supervisor during the summer and get a feeling of “research” while earning some income. Click here to learn more about this program.

On Thursday, August 15, 2013 between 1 and 4pm, there will be this year’s SURE Poster Presentation Fair in the Trottier Engineering Building (Cafeteria level) where the students will present their findings from their projects.

Three minutes to explain yourself

Can you explain your research activities or thesis in 3 minutes to someone outside your field?  Jinna Kim in University Affairs reports that many universities are holding prize-winning competitions that require graduate student participants to communicate their work to judges and an audience in just 3 minutes.  The idea is to teach students how to promote themselves and their research.

McGill University has an annual event called, “3 Minutes to Change the World” that provides a non-competitive opportunity for graduate students to present their research to a general audience.  Below is an example of a presentation from this event:

What is “peer review”?

peer_reviewWe write a lot on this blog about finding, reading, and evaluating research articles and this post is about understanding the meaning of “peer review” in the context of scholarly publishing.

When we teach students about research methods during orientation, in their classrooms, and during one-on-one consultations, we always introduce the concept of scholarly vs. popular literature. That is, the difference between articles written by and for other researchers, and articles written by journalists and other types of authors for the general public (magazine and newspaper articles for example).

Most scholarly articles have gone through a peer review process, where one or more experts have evaluated the study and given it a stamp of approval. It is now ready for publication and use by other researchers to build upon the ideas in the study. This is just meant as a very lean preamble to a more in-depth article about peer review on the website boing boing. This easy to understand article is part of Meet Science, a series intended to “provid[e] quick run-downs of oft-referenced concepts, controversies, and tools that aren’t always well-explained by the media.” The article is succinct and attempts to answer some pertinent questions about the peer review process. I hope you find it helpful.

Image from www.pioneersread.wordpress.com